How to Construct a Worm Bin
Bins can be made of wood or plastic, or from recycled containers like
old bathtubs, barrels, or trunks. They also can be located inside or
outside, depending on your preferences and circumstances.
As red wigglers tend to be surface feeders, bins should be no more
than 8 to 12 inches deep. Bedding and food wastes tend to pack down in
deeper bins, forcing air out. Resulting anaerobic conditions can cause
foul odors and death of the worms.
The length and width of the bin will depend on whether it is to be
stationary or portable. It also depends on the amount of food waste your
family produces each week. A good rule of thumb is to provide one square
foot of surface area per pound of waste in your bin.
Wooden bins have the advantage that they're more absorbent and
provide better insulation. Do not use redwood or other highly aromatic
woods that may kill the worms. Plastic tends to keep the compost too
moist. Plastic, however, tends to be less messy and easier to maintain.
Be sure containers are well cleaned and have never stored pesticides or
other chemicals. Drilling air/drainage holes (1/4- to 1/2-inch diameter)
in the bottom and sides of the bin will ensure good water drainage and
air circulation. Place the bin on bricks or wooden blocks in a tray to
catch excess water that drains from the bin. The resulting compost tea
can be used as a liquid fertilizer around the home landscape.
Each bin should have a cover to conserve moisture and exclude light.
Worms prefer darkness. Bins can be covered with a straw mulch or moist
burlap to ensure darkness while providing good air ventilation. Outside
bins may require a lid to exclude scavengers and other unwanted pests.
Outdoor bins should be insulated from the cold to protect the worms.
One option is to dig a rectangular hole 12 inches deep and line the
sides with wooden planks. The bottomless box can then be filled with
appropriate bedding material, food wastes, and worms. Food wastes can be
continually added as they accumulate. The pile should be kept damp and
dark for optimum worm activity. During the winter, soil can be piled
against the edges of the bin and straw placed on top to protect the
worms from cold weather. Do not add food waste to outdoor bins during
the winter because this could expose the worms to freezing weather.
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